Threat Guide
Malware
What is Malware?
Malware (malicious software) is any program designed to harm, exploit, or otherwise compromise computers, networks, or users. It's an umbrella term covering viruses, worms, trojans, ransomware, spyware, adware, and more. Malware can steal data, damage systems, spy on users, or give attackers control of infected devices.
How Malware Attacks Work
Infection vectors: email attachments, malicious downloads, compromised websites, infected USB drives, vulnerable software
Viruses: Attach to legitimate programs and spread when the program runs
Worms: Self-replicate and spread across networks without user action
Trojans: Disguise as legitimate software but contain malicious payloads
Spyware: Secretly monitors user activity, keystrokes, and browsing
Adware: Displays unwanted ads and may track browsing for targeting
Rootkits: Hide deep in the system to evade detection and maintain access
Warning Signs
- Computer running significantly slower than usual
- Programs crashing or behaving strangely
- Unexpected pop-up ads, even when not browsing
- Browser homepage changed without permission
- New toolbars or programs you didn't install
- Antivirus disabled and won't turn back on
- Files missing, corrupted, or encrypted
- High network activity when you're not doing anything
- Friends receiving strange messages from your accounts
How to Protect Yourself
- Keep your operating system and all software updated
- Use reputable antivirus/anti-malware software and keep it updated
- Be extremely cautious with email attachments and downloads
- Only download software from official sources
- Don't click suspicious links or pop-up ads
- Use a VPN on public Wi-Fi to prevent malicious injections
- Disable macros in documents from unknown sources
- Use a standard (non-admin) account for daily activities
- Enable your firewall
How a VPN Helps Protect You
A VPN prevents certain malware infection methods: it blocks ISPs from injecting ads (which can contain malware), encrypts your connection on public Wi-Fi where malicious downloads can occur, and some VPN providers include malware blocking that prevents connections to known malicious sites.
Frequently Asked Questions
Can malware infect my phone?
Yes, mobile malware exists for both Android and iOS, though Android is more commonly targeted. It often comes from unofficial app stores, malicious links, or compromised legitimate apps. Stick to official stores, check permissions, and keep your phone updated.
How do I remove malware from my computer?
1) Disconnect from the internet. 2) Boot into Safe Mode. 3) Delete temporary files. 4) Run a full scan with updated antivirus software. 5) Run a second scan with a different anti-malware tool. 6) If problems persist, consider professional help or system restore.
Is free antivirus software enough?
Free antivirus provides basic protection and is better than nothing. However, paid versions typically offer better detection rates, real-time protection, additional features (firewall, VPN, password manager), and customer support. For high-risk users, paid protection is recommended.
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